Brain drain

   

Since 2014 to 2024 more than one million Italians aged between 23 and 34 years have left their country.  It seems that  young  Italians think there is a lack of job recognition in their country, as they feel their skills are undervalued at home.      In this context, Italian government is trying to reverse the trend by incentivising the youth, as the brain drain is exacerbating Italy's demographic crisis. 

According to Eurostat, nine member states reported salaries above the EU average standing at € 37,863. And in six EU countries (Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, Belgium, Austria and Germany) average salary was above € 50,000. Finland, France and Sweden are also ranked above the EU average of € 37,863.

         

Many young Italians also look for better wages in Switzerland, which is not an EU member state. Furthermore, some Switzerland's cities, such as Zurich, Basel and Geneva, allow for a confortable lifestyle.

Have a nice 1st weekend of March! ⛅ 

Burqa ban initiative

In early October Switzerland approved a new bill to ban women from wearing the burqa or niqab in public spaces. Other European countries had already introduced the same bill as we see now in Switzerland. 

The members of the Swiss lower Parliament approved the bill, which prohibits people from concealing their face, by a vote of 88 to 87.  This means that women may wear a hijab covering ther hair, but cannot wear clothes which only show the eyes (burqa or niqab) in restaurants, streets, buses, etc. Although the bill specifies that the eyes, nose and mouth must be visible, there are some exceptions to the law, such as wearing a mask to protect against viruses.

France is the first European country to introduce a ban on full face coverings. There are currently other European countries that have banned the burqa or niqab: Switzerland, as just mentioned, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, and Austria. But there are also countries in Africa and Asia that have already banned clothes which only show the eyes. They are: Morocco, Tunisia, Congo, Gabon, Chad, Cameroon, Sri Lanka, China, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

We wait and see if other EU countries will approve the same bill. 

General elections or a second referendum

After more than 33 million British voters had decided in favour of leaving, on 29 March 2017 the UK triggered the article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, becoming the first EU member state to do so. Since then the UK has been attempting to strike up a free-trade deal with the EU outside the single-market once it had left the bloc. Under this model, the UK would not have to contribute to the EU budget and would not be bound by the European laws, and applying  regulations and directives concerning immigration, environmental protection, customs, and so on.

Until now, under the terms of EU's customs union, goods that have been legally imported into the bloc can circulate throughout its member states with no further custom checks.

If a trade deal weren't to be agreed between the EU and the UK, a safety net provision would be stated within the withdrawal agreement, with the aim to prevent a hard border being erected between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. As soon as the UK leaves the EU because of Brexit, a physical border could be erected between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. This will raise concerns about the future of the "Good Friday Peace Agreement", a deal signed in 1998, which helped to end conflict in Northern Ireland between nationalists and unionists. The EU single-market covers all members states and four other countries, such Iceland, Norway, Lichtenstein and Switzerland. It allows people, goods, services and money to move as within a single country. Britain would be able to trade freely within the bloc while also striking trade deals with non-EU countries. It would also make financial contributions to the EU budget and accept the free movement of people, goods, services and money.

In this perspective, the UK's Prime Minister believes she is doing the right thing to the country, as Britain needs a deal which protects jobs and borders at the same time. If the UK were to leave the EU with no deal, the country would face deep and grave uncertainty. 

The House of Commons will vote on 11 December on Mrs. May's controversial Brexit deal. And if the Prime Minister were lo lose a vote of that sort of importance, then a question of confidence in her government would be inevitable. Meanwhile, Labour party plays waiting game over general elections or a second referendum.

The most prosperous EU's regions claim the right to form a new state

With regard to Catalonia's independence declaration, which was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October, most experts say there's no doubt that, on the long term, an independent Catalonia may be a good thing in terms of competition and regulation. Actually, Catalonia is one of the most prosperous of EU's regions.

Catalans only accounts for about 16% of the Spanish population, and 19% of Spain economy comes from Catalonia, which contributes $ 263 Billion a year to the overall Spanish economy.

Although Catalonia is bigger than many EU Member States, a very important condition for independence, to be an economic success, is that it happens peacefully. Unfortunately, Spanish government does not agree with Catalonia independence, and from a political point of view this is very different from the Scottish case, where the British Prime Minister said Scotland would hold a legal referendum. As it is known, in 2014 Scottish people voted to stay in the UK, but against Brexit in 2016. That's why Scotland should hold another referendum in order to leave the UK.

Catalans are not alone in the desire to form a new independent state and there are longstanding independence claims in other EU's regions, such as Wallonia, South Tyrol and Silesia, where people want more flexibility.  

This shows why populist movements in Europe are able to give an answer to the feel people are losing control of their own fate. As we have seen, during the last twenty-five years some countries grew enormously after they had become independent. Take for example the huge economic development of Slovakia, which split from Czech Republic in 1993.

In this perspective, Switzerland political system, in the hearth of Europe and outside the European economic area, may be a model: the Confoederatio Helvetica's decentralised entities, the Cantons, are allowed to be flexible in terms of taxation. Actually, Switzerland's federal legislation leaves a respectable amount of self-determination to the 26 Cantons, which may collect income taxes to finance their affairs, such as education system, universities, armed police forces and hospitals. And this helps to keep the country togheter.  

View of a pedestrian area in Barcelona (Catalonia)

Post-Brexit

It isn't easy to understand why some British Ministers are still so optimistic about Brexit. While the UK's Prime Minister triggers Article 50 later this month, the Irish republican party's leader says that "We must defend the democratic mandate of the people to remain in the EU". That's why Northern Ireland should hold a referendum on leaving the United Kingdom and joining the Republic of Ireland. In addition, as it is already known, a decision on calling a new Scottish independence referendum could be made within weeks: the first minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, recently said that plans to take the UK out of the EU's Single market have brought a second Scottish independence referendum "undoubtedly" closer.

Actually, it seems that the British Government is now on an unpleasantly difficult situation: on the one hand, Mrs. May says that British people would have truly left the EU when they would be in control of their own laws. On the other hand, she is still looking for the "Greatest possible access" to EU's Single market after leaving it.

According to an article published in "The Economist" on March 4th, 2017, The European Court of Justice will probably control any transitional arrangement which will be made between post-Brexit UK and EU. If the UK were to need trading relationships with the EU, it wouldn't be free from the shackles of the Luxembourg's Court of Justice. 

Since the 1960s European Court of Justice have been supervising any trade deal signed by the EU. And all non-EU countries that seek close access to the EU's Single Market, such as Switzerland, Iceland and Norway,  have been following the Luxembourg's rules. 

As a result, notwithstanding the country has voted to leave the EU, Britain will not reach the aim to take the UK out of the European Court of Justice. Moreover, Scotland and Northern Ireland will try to leave the UK, and refugees and immigrates will be probably allowed to remain in Britain. It isn't easy to understand why someone is optimistic about Brexit.

2014 elections for the European Parliament

Thanks to the rise of China, India and other developing countries, Europeans feel as if they might be teetering on the edge of a serious crisis in their democracies. Illegal immigration, inequality and unemployment are still rising in the Southern side of the old continent. And while the post-2008 recession increased the ratio between South Europe's public debt and GDP to the same level it had attained in the early 1990s, Moscow prepares a further invasion of the Donestk metropolitan area after its takeover of Crimea, close to the Eastern European Union's border. Just because it isn't happening here doesn't mean it isn't happening!

Although between May 22nd and 25th the citiziens of the EU will vote in elections for the European Parliament, many Italians, Greeks and Spaniards still think that the politicians are all corrupt, nobody care and nothing can be done. That's why some alternative parties, which support an anti-European position, may do well. For instance, Nigel Farage in Britain, Marine Le Pen in France and Beppe Grillo in Italy dislike being in the European Union. They believe that there are too many people from Poland, Romania and Bulgaria in Western Europe, and that more millions will arrive thanks to the EU legal framework. It is known that many countries, such as Australia and Switzerland, have planned to impose quotas on the number of immigrants they will accept from abroad. From a demographic and economic point of view, European policy-makers would have to think about the carrying capacity of EU cities.

I'd like to know your point of view about this situation in Europe which is 

certainly interesting these days.

Solidarity among European states

In my previous post I mentioned some thoughts about unemployment in South Europe. It's a hot topic considering that we still see a catastrophic mood in Europe. According to official figures, in Europe peripheral countries youth unemployment is running above 50 per cent and credit crisis may be related to constant expectation of catatrophes that might occur tomorrow.

While European Union is dealing with the severst test in its history, this week Swiss voters narrowly approved a referendum to place new limits on foreigners living and working in Switzerland. In other words, Switzerland, which is not a part of the European Union, will not have to renegotiate agreements with the EU. Hitherto there have been few restrictions on foreign nationals moving into the country to live. In this perspective, foreign workers from the EU have been allowed to freely commute from France and Italy.

It's easy to see Switzerland's contribution to South European nations whose economies are already weakened. In addition, those countries are dealing with people fleeing from persecution and civil war. On one hand, EU directives specify that the country in which refugees arrive is the country in which the asylum procedures should be initiated and completed (for the most part Italy, Spain and France). On the other hand, Switzerland holds a referendum on whether to impose quotas on the number of immigrants it will accept from European Union countries. With regards to Switzerland's constitutional change above mentioned, I think that the deeper question is how much solidarity can and should be achieved in Europe.

Do you think that European countries should help each other overcome their economic and financial issues? In my opinion  European countries  need to seriously sit down and discuss these issues.